Life Cycle Analysis of Solar-Powered Electric Vehicles: Environmental and Economic Perspectives

Abstract

The integration of solar power technology into electric vehicles (EVs) presents a promising avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle analysis (LCA) to assess the environmental and economic implications of solar-powered electric vehicles (SEVs) compared to conventional EVs. The environmental analysis evaluates the entire life cycle of SEVs, including manufacturing, operation, and end-of-life stages, considering factors such as energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource depletion. Additionally, the economic analysis investigates the total cost of ownership (TCO) of SEVs, accounting for initial investment, operational costs, and potential savings from reduced fuel consumption and maintenance. Results from the environmental analysis indicate that SEVs offer significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional EVs, primarily due to the integration of renewable solar energy for vehicle charging. Furthermore, the LCA reveals potential reductions in resource depletion and environmental impacts associated with manufacturing processes, particularly if sustainable materials and production methods are employed. From an economic perspective, the TCO analysis demonstrates that while SEVs may entail higher initial costs compared to conventional EVs, the long-term savings from reduced fuel consumption and maintenance expenses can offset these upfront expenses. Moreover, the declining costs of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology and the availability of government incentives further enhance the economic viability of SEVs over their lifetime. Overall, the findings suggest that SEVs offer compelling environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional EVs, particularly when considering the full life cycle of the vehicles. However, challenges such as limited driving range and infrastructure for solar charging need to be addressed to realize the full potential of SEVs. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and consumers seeking to promote sustainable transportation solutions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.