Novel Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus Complications

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, leading to severe complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Early detection of these complications is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes. Recent advancements in biomarker research offer promising avenues for early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes-related complications. This review explores novel biomarkers identified through proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and other high-throughput technologies. Key biomarkers, such as circulating microRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, and specific protein modifications, are discussed for their potential roles in early detection and disease progression monitoring. The integration of these biomarkers into clinical practice could revolutionize diabetes care by enabling personalized treatment strategies and timely interventions. Challenges in biomarker validation and the need for robust clinical trials are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of multi-disciplinary approaches in advancing diabetes research.