Understanding Cyber Threats: Common Vulnerabilities and How to Mitigate Them

Abstract

In the digital age, cyber threats pose a significant risk to individuals, organizations, and
governments. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of common vulnerabilities exploited
by cyber attackers, including software flaws, misconfigurations, and human factors. It explores
various types of cyber threats such as malware, phishing, ransomware, and denial-of-service
attacks, and examines the potential impacts on data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. The
study also outlines effective mitigation strategies, such as regular software updates, robust access
controls, employee training programs, and the implementation of advanced security technologies
like intrusion detection systems and encryption. By understanding and addressing these
vulnerabilities, stakeholders can enhance their cybersecurity posture and better protect their digital
assets.