AI in Autonomous Vehicles: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

Abstract

The advent of AI in autonomous vehicles has ushered in a transformative era, where vehicles endowed with neural networks, sensor fusion capabilities, localization algorithms, and advanced control systems are poised to redefine transportation. We delve into the historical progression of autonomous vehicles, elucidate their current state, and underscore the critical role AI plays in making them a tangible reality. From perception to path planning, AI technologies are fundamental to every facet of autonomous driving, as examined in detail. Drawing upon the landscape of real-world autonomous vehicle projects, this paper spotlights the achievements and challenges faced by industry leaders such as Waymo, Tesla, and Uber. Their endeavors serve as vivid illustrations of how AI technologies have been harnessed to propel autonomous vehicles from the realm of science fiction into the realm of everyday transportation. Safety and ethics constitute pivotal considerations in the AI-driven autonomous vehicle landscape. This paper delves into the intricacies of ensuring safety, addressing ethical dilemmas, and navigating the evolving regulatory frameworks. It underscores the importance of building public trust, mitigating concerns, and shaping responsible policies to facilitate the seamless integration of these vehicles into society. Looking to the future, the paper explores the integration of 5G networks, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, and the transformative potential of AI-enabled shared mobility. It elucidates the regulatory and policy changes necessary for autonomous vehicles to flourish on a global scale. Yet, this journey is not without obstacles. The paper dissects the remaining technical, societal, and regulatory challenges that must be surmounted. Technical hurdles, public perception, and complex legal landscapes demand careful consideration to ensure the continued evolution of AI in autonomous vehicles. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive, formal, and structured exploration of AI in autonomous vehicles, underscoring its potential to revolutionize transportation and society. It is our sincere hope that this research will contribute to the ongoing discourse and inspire further studies in this dynamic and ever-evolving field.